• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    It is a power control device (1) for electric vehicles that have several batteries as a source of electrical energy, and the procedure that this device performs. This procedure includes steps of receiving information (a), generation of a total reference (b), selection of active batteries (c), generation of references for the active batteries (d) and sending of these references to the batteries (e) . For this, the device (1) interacts with the auxiliary systems of the batteries (2) and other systems of the vehicle related to the balance of power of the vehicle, such as the acceleration control system (3), the control system of the load (4) and the temperature control system (5). This power control device (1) allows a vehicle to use its batteries in an efficient and coordinated manner, adapting to the conditions of use of the vehicle and the preferences of the user. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2754042A1
    申请号:ES201830978
    申请日:2018-10-09
    公开日:2020-04-15
    发明作者:Rodríguez Daniel Remón
    申请人:Remon Rodriguez Daniel；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002]
    [0003]
    [0004] TECHNICAL SECTOR
    [0005]
    [0006] The present invention belongs to the transport sector and more specifically to that of electrical equipment and the propulsion of electric vehicles.
    [0007]
    [0008] The main object of the present invention is a power control device and the procedure that it develops, applicable to electric vehicles that have several electric batteries as a source of energy for their propulsion and the supply of auxiliary systems. The procedure determines the injection or absorption of power that each of the vehicle's batteries must carry out to satisfy its energy needs, taking into account the restrictions of the batteries and allowing different configuration options.
    [0009]
    [0010] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0011]
    [0012] Despite the fact that the benefits of electric cars currently available are sufficient to cover the usual needs of a vast majority of drivers, the adoption of this type of vehicle is hampered by its high price, reduced autonomy and long recharging times. compared to models with combustion engines. However, an alternative concept of storage system for electric vehicles, in which the battery permanently installed in the vehicle is optimized for the normal use of the vehicle and complemented by interchangeable temporary use batteries, allows to reduce both the price of vehicle acquisition as the time required to restore the energy stored in the vehicle.
    [0013]
    [0014] These interchangeable temporary use batteries can be connected to the vehicle's electrical system through a power converter that facilitates their connection over a wide voltage range, allowing them to be used together with the vehicle battery and even together with other batteries for temporary use, as well as the control of the power they exchange, reducing the impact that specific driving conditions may have on them. In this case, when the vehicle has more than one power source, it is necessary to determine what is the participation of each of the connected batteries in the vehicle's power balance.
    [0015]
    [0016] Among the solutions commonly proposed to determine how the different batteries or energy sources that it can count on contribute to the power balance of a vehicle, three main classes can be identified. First, one type of solution is based on selecting a single power source that connects alone and covers all of the vehicle's power needs. Second, other solutions consider connecting multiple batteries simultaneously, but only if their voltages are compatible. In none of these cases is the presence of power converters necessary, but neither is it possible to control the contribution of each connected battery or reduce the impact of conduction on them. Third, solutions can be found geared towards energy sources of different nature, as in the hybrid case, or optimized for different purposes. In general, these solutions consider an energy storage system made up of two elements, one of which balances the power balance automatically while the other controls the voltage of a point in the circuit or the state of charge of the first element. Among these solutions, WO 2017207996 (Mirek Leszczynski) considers a main battery and an interchangeable additional source that can be a battery or a generator powered by fuel and the power sharing is based on maintaining the state of charge of the main battery with the contribution from the other source.
    [0017]
    [0018] EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    [0019]
    [0020] This invention presents a power control device and method for electric vehicles capable of carrying several batteries equipped at the same time. The objective of the invention is that the equipped batteries can be used simultaneously as an energy source as required by the conditions of use of the vehicle and taking into account the preferences of the user. To do this, it takes advantage of the ability to control the power exchanged by a battery connected through a power converter.
    [0021] The invention is applicable when the vehicle has at least one battery whose power can be controlled, regardless of whether the different batteries equipped in the vehicle are permanently or temporarily equipped and that the number of batteries equipped is constant or variable in function of the use that you want to give to the vehicle. The power control device takes advantage of the capacity of these batteries to exchange power in a simultaneous and controlled way, increasing the total efficiency and adjusting the participation of each battery according to flexible definition objectives. In addition, it takes into account parameters of each battery that go beyond its state of charge, such as its operating range in terms of power or its temperature and, unlike other inventions with similar objectives, it does not restrict the selection of batteries and determining their participation to a criterion based on their voltage or state of charge, but rather allows the user to configure their own criteria.
    [0022]
    [0023] This description allows to develop different embodiments of the invention, among which one can consider both the possibility that the power control device is active whenever the vehicle is in operation and the possibility that it is activated only in the moments in which the vehicle has more than one battery or other restrictions, such as those based on minimum values of vehicle speed or the power exchanged between some of its systems.
    [0024]
    [0025] The power control device described here determines a power reference for each of the batteries equipped in the vehicle. The determined power reference for each battery is sent to the auxiliary system of that battery dedicated to processing this type of information, regardless of the treatment given to that signal in said battery auxiliary system. In particular, in the preferred application of the invention, the vehicle has a battery connected directly to its electrical system, whose power exchange cannot be directly controlled but is the result of the interaction between all the systems connected to the vehicle's electrical system. , and a variable number of batteries that have a connection interface that allows you to directly control the power that they exchange with the vehicle's electrical system. In this app, the uncontrollable battery exchanges power with the vehicle's electrical system regardless of the reference determined for it by the power control device, while the controllable batteries respond to the received references. The invention is also directly applicable in cases where all the batteries are controllable, with all of them responding to the references sent by the power control device or with one of them regulating some variable of the vehicle's electrical system and taking the role of uncontrollable battery for power balance purposes. On the other hand, the invention can be applied in vehicles with more than one uncontrollable battery by first applying a method of selecting an uncontrollable battery or a group of them with compatible voltages and using the procedure described without taking into account the remaining uncontrollable batteries.
    [0026]
    [0027] The power control device has input and output elements that allow its interaction with other systems, processing and calculation elements, and memory elements. This device is installed in the vehicle and interacts with other vehicle systems, including the batteries it is equipped with. In its operation, it collects information on the power balance of the vehicle and the batteries and sends references to the auxiliary systems of the batteries, updating them with an update period according to the control objectives pursued. To do this, it periodically performs a power control procedure that includes the following steps:
    [0028] a) Receipt of information on power exchange and battery operation.
    [0029] b) Generation of a total power reference for the energy storage system.
    [0030] c) Selection of active batteries for power exchange.
    [0031] d) Generation of references for active batteries.
    [0032] e) Sending references to active batteries.
    [0033]
    [0034] In some embodiments of the invention, this power control procedure or some of its stages admit different options depending on the mode of operation of the vehicle. In general, depending on whether the vehicle is connected to a charging facility or not and the direction of the net power exchange of the vehicle's energy storage system, which includes all the batteries equipped in it, the following four modes can be established from vehicle operation:
    [0035] I. Vehicle movement and power injection: The vehicle is not connected to a charging facility and the energy storage system injects power to meet the needs of the vehicle. It includes most situations in which the vehicle moves and also those in which it is stopped with a system in operation due to traffic conditions or the driver's choice.
    [0036] II. Vehicle movement and power absorption: The vehicle is not connected to a charging facility and the energy storage system absorbs power. Mainly, it is associated with the recovery of energy in braking or prolonged descents.
    [0037] III. Grid connection and power absorption: The vehicle is connected to a charging facility and the energy storage system absorbs power. Mainly, it is associated with the load of the storage system.
    [0038] IV. Grid connection and power injection: The vehicle is connected to a charging facility and the energy storage system injects power. Mainly, it is associated with the use of the vehicle as an electricity generator for the electrical network.
    [0039]
    [0040] In executing the power control procedure, the power control device establishes communications with different systems that intervene in the vehicle's power balance, especially in the stages of receiving information on power exchange and battery operation (a) and sending references to active batteries (e). On the one hand, there is each of the batteries equipped in the vehicle and which form its energy storage system. On the other hand, there are the systems for using and obtaining energy from the vehicle, among which the three defined below are noteworthy for their relevance in the vehicle's power balance:
    [0041] • Acceleration control system. It includes the vehicle's engine and the converter associated with it, or the engines and converters if there is more than one, the accelerator and brake pedals, the control and actuation devices between these and the engine or engines, a possible system of speed limitation or control and other systems related to vehicle traction. In some embodiments of the invention, the control system of the Acceleration provides the power control device with information on the power exchanged by its components. This information may be given in the form of measurements, estimates or references.
    [0042] • Load control system. It comprises the elements that allow the connection of the vehicle to a charging facility, its control and its communication with the charging facility. In some embodiments of the invention, the load control system provides the power control device with information such as the allowable working range for its components and the load facility or set power reference for the load of the power storage system. vehicle power by the vehicle, by a vehicle user, or by the charging facility.
    [0043] • Temperature control system. It includes the elements used in the cooling or air conditioning of different elements and areas of the vehicle, such as the passenger compartment, the battery compartments or elements of the acceleration control system or the direct cooling of the batteries or elements of the Acceleration control, as well as those used to improve driver visibility through thermal processes such as ventilation or heating the windows. In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature control system provides the power control device with information about the power exchanged by its components.
    [0044] In addition, among the vehicle's energy utilization and acquisition systems, it is possible to consider other auxiliary systems such as exterior and interior lighting, windshield wipers, and electronic devices.
    [0045]
    [0046] Likewise, the execution of the power control procedure, and in particular the stages of selection of active batteries (c) and generation of references for active batteries (d), is carried out taking into account information of different types that is stored in the device:
    [0047] • A priority list of batteries. This priority list determines the order in which the batteries are selected as active and by which they contribute to covering the vehicle's power needs, with the highest priority being the first to be activated and having a reference assigned. The priority list supports defining multiple batteries with the same priority. The priority is indicated by integers greater than zero, batteries with a lower number are more priority. Optionally, the number range used to indicate the priority of the batteries has an upper limit that can be set taking into account the total number of batteries that can be equipped in the vehicle simultaneously.
    [0048] • A goal in selecting active batteries. This objective establishes the condition that ends the selection stage of active batteries (c), influencing the total number of active batteries.
    [0049] • A tiebreaker criterion in the selection of active batteries among batteries of equal priority. This criterion establishes the order in which batteries with the same priority are considered for activation. The order can be established by the value of at least one parameter of the state of the batteries, such as their state of charge, their maximum power or their temperature, by user preferences or by values determined by a random process.
    [0050] • A reference distribution criterion between active batteries of equal priority.
    [0051] This criterion determines how references are assigned between batteries of equal priority when the contribution of these batteries is not restricted by their operating limits. The options to define this criterion can be considered an equal participation of each of the batteries of equal priority, a participation of each battery depending on the value of at least one of its parameters, such as the state of charge, the maximum power or the temperature, a participation by an order established by user preferences or a participation by an order established by values determined by a random process.
    [0052] In some embodiments of the invention, this information is configured by a user of the vehicle. In some embodiments of the invention, this information is configured independently for each mode of vehicle operation.
    [0053]
    [0054] In this document, it is called “battery pack tour” when each one of them is considered successively in a certain order to obtain information about them, determine their selection for power exchange or establish a reference for them. Also called a "priority level" is a group of batteries with the same priority and, by extension, each group of batteries associated with the same priority indicator integer, even when this group may be empty as there is no associated battery. integer indicator number concrete priority.
    [0055]
    [0056] The stages of the power control procedure have their own particularities and different options that give rise to different embodiments of the invention. Its main characteristics are described below.
    [0057]
    [0058] In the stage of receiving information on power exchange and battery operation (a) the vehicle power control device receives updated information on the power exchange of the different systems involved in the vehicle's power balance, and information on equipped batteries that includes their operating limits, defined by the minimum and maximum power values that can be injected and absorbed, which can vary over time depending on other parameters of the state of the batteries. In different embodiments of the invention, this information may include a different number of variables and correspond to different systems. In particular, the information received from each battery can include instantaneous values of variables such as temperature, the deviation of the temperature from a certain operating range, the energy available in the battery until it is completely discharged (called in the rest of the document “Energy to inject”) or the remaining energy to have the battery fully charged (called in the rest of the document “energy to absorb”), these values being obtained from measurements or estimates.
    [0059]
    [0060] Preferably, it receives measurements of the power exchanged by the acceleration control system and by the temperature control system, the power reference of the load control system and the operating limits of each battery, together with instantaneous values of the measure of power exchanged by the battery and estimates of its energy to inject and its energy to absorb.
    [0061]
    [0062] In some embodiments of the invention, step (a) includes processing the received information with techniques of error elimination, noise reduction, or signal filtering. In some embodiments of the invention, this processing of the received information is applied under specific conditions determined by the evolution of the received information; for example, being excluded from this processing the cases in which an immediate response of the energy storage system is required before a sudden change of some variable.
    [0063] In the stage of generating a total power reference for the energy storage system (b), the device establishes a power reference that the set of batteries must satisfy from the information received in step (a). Thus, the step of generating a total power reference for the energy storage system (b) comprises a sub-stage in which this total power reference is determined from the information on available power exchange.
    [0064]
    [0065] Different embodiments of the invention consider different options to determine the total power reference, the main ones being the following:
    [0066] • Information on the power exchanged by the vehicle's energy utilization and obtaining systems. Information is used on the power exchanged by systems other than batteries, mainly those used to control acceleration or charge. Values used may be based on measurements or other estimates, references or operating limits.
    [0067] • Power information exchanged by the vehicle's energy storage system. Information on the power exchanged by the batteries equipped in the vehicle is used. Values used may be based on measurements or references.
    [0068] • Control of a variable in the vehicle's electrical system. The total power reference is obtained as a result of a controller that takes into account the error in a certain variable, such as the voltage at a point in the circuit or the state of charge of a battery whose power exchange cannot be directly controlled. .
    [0069] Optionally, the total power reference is determined using information from more than one of these three types. In some embodiments of the invention, the type of information used is defined depending on the mode of operation of the vehicle. In one embodiment of the invention, the type of information that is used to determine the total power reference in each mode of vehicle operation is configured by a vehicle user.
    [0070]
    [0071] In some embodiments of the invention, the step of generating a total power reference for the energy storage system (b) comprises a second sub-stage in which the determined total power reference is processed.
    [0072] In some embodiments of the invention, the determined total power reference is multiplied by at least one coefficient that takes into account the losses in different elements of the vehicle's electrical system. In some embodiments of the invention, the determined total power reference is processed by filtering the signal. In some embodiments of the invention, the processing of the determined total power reference by means of a signal filtering is applied under specific conditions of the evolution of the determined total power reference, without it being modified when those conditions do not exist. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the determined total power reference is processed by a signal filter, except for significant reductions in its absolute value or sign changes, when it is not modified.
    [0073]
    [0074] In the step of selecting active batteries for power exchange (c), the vehicle's power control device determines which batteries exchange power with the vehicle's electrical system. In this description, "activating" a battery is understood as the fact of selecting it to exchange power with the vehicle's electrical system, so that the batteries thus selected have been "activated" and become "active". This selection is made following the priority list of the batteries and taking into account the operating limits of each one.
    [0075]
    [0076] Specifically, the selection of batteries includes a sub-stage in which a tour of the set of batteries equipped in the vehicle is carried out following the order established by the priority list of batteries and, in case of equal priority between batteries, by the tiebreaker criteria in the selection of active batteries among batteries of equal priority. In this tour of the battery set, the absolute value of the total power reference and the operating limits of the batteries are considered in the sense of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, that is, if this corresponds to a injection or absorption of power. In the event that a battery has a continuous operating region between injection and absorption, its minimum power limit is considered equal to zero in both directions.
    [0077]
    [0078] While the selection is not complete, each considered battery is activated if the sum of the minimum power limits, in the direction of power exchange determined by the total power reference of the batteries already activated and the one considered is less than or equal to the absolute value of the total power reference. The selection is completed, stopping the route, when the condition established by the objective in the selection of batteries is met, which corresponds to one of the following:
    [0079] • The selection is completed once the absolute value of the total power reference is between the sum of the minimum power limits and the sum of the maximum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the reference of total power of the batteries already activated, without considering the remaining batteries.
    [0080] • The selection is completed once the absolute value of the total power reference is between the sum of the minimum power limits and the sum of the maximum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the reference of total power, of the batteries already activated and all batteries have been considered the same priority as those already activated, without considering the remaining batteries of lower priority.
    [0081] • Selection is complete once all batteries are considered.
    [0082]
    [0083] The tiebreaker criteria in the selection of batteries is set among a series of options that include the use of battery status parameters, user preferences or random values. Among the parameters of the state of the batteries can be considered variables such as their energy to inject or to absorb, depending on the direction of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, its operating limits or its temperature. Among the user's preferences, the possibility of establishing a second order of priority for the tiebreaker between batteries with the same priority may be considered, in which it is not allowed to assign the same priority for the tiebreaker to more than one battery. On the other hand, the random values used can be fixed at a certain moment of the use of the vehicle, such as the moment when a battery exchange is made or the moment when the vehicle is started or charging begins. In some embodiments of the invention, the tiebreaker criteria used is configured independently for each mode of vehicle operation.
    [0084]
    [0085] In some embodiments of the invention, the step of selecting active batteries for power exchange (c) comprises an additional sub-step of managing the capacity of the energy storage system to meet the total power benchmark. In this sub-stage, when the absolute value of the total power reference is greater than the sum of the maximum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, of all the batteries equipped in the vehicle, the vehicle power control device sends a power limiting signal to at least one of the vehicle's power utilization and utilization systems. This power limitation signal can take different forms, such as a maximum value of the power that can be exchanged by the specific system to which it is sent or the necessary variation in its power exchange, and both the variables used and the systems to which it is sent. Sends this information may depend on the mode of operation of the vehicle. Preferably, a value of the required power variation is sent, obtained as the difference between the sum of the maximum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, of the batteries and the value absolute of the total power reference, to the acceleration control system if the vehicle operates in modes I or II and to the load control system in modes III or IV.
    [0086]
    [0087] At the reference generation stage for the active batteries (d), the vehicle power control device determines the references that the active batteries must satisfy to distribute the necessary contribution to the power balance of the vehicle's electrical system. This stage comprises several sub-stages, in which a remaining power reference is taken into account, initially equal to the total power reference.
    [0088]
    [0089] The first sub-stage consists of assigning to each of the active batteries an initial reference equal to its minimum power limit, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, and updating the remaining power reference subtracting the value assigned to each of the active batteries.
    [0090]
    [0091] The second sub-stage consists of the distribution of the remaining power reference between the active batteries. This distribution is carried out through a tour of the set of batteries equipped in the vehicle by levels of the priority list of the batteries, from highest to lowest priority, as long as the remaining power reference is greater than zero, performing various actions for each of these priority levels. First, the level power margin is calculated as the sum of the difference between the maximum and minimum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, of each of the active batteries of said priority level. When the power margin of the level is less than or equal to the absolute value of the remaining power reference, each of the active batteries in this level is assigned a reference equal to its maximum power limit, in the sense of the exchange of power determined by the total power reference, and the remaining power reference is updated by subtracting the power margin from the level. When the power margin of the level is greater than the remaining power reference, each of the active batteries in this level is assigned a certain reference taking into account the criterion of distribution of references between active batteries of equal priority and the remaining power reference making it equal to zero.
    [0092]
    [0093] The criterion for the distribution of references between active batteries of equal priority is set among a series of options that provide equal participation for all batteries or depending on battery parameters, user preferences or random values, keeping in any case the reference assigned to each battery within its operating limits. Among the parameters of the batteries can be considered its maximum power limit, the power margin between its maximum and minimum power limits, its energy to inject or to absorb, according to the direction of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, or its temperature. The possibility of establishing a second order of priority for the distribution of references between active batteries of equal priority, in which it is not allowed to assign the same priority for distribution to more than one battery, depending on some of its parameters, may also be considered. , established by the user or by random values set at a certain time in the use of the vehicle; With this second order of priority, each active battery in the level is assigned the reference necessary to cover the remaining power reference or its maximum power limit, depending on the value of the remaining power reference and the references already assigned to the batteries. active of the level with the highest priority for the cast. Preferably, the distribution criterion is configured by a vehicle user for each operating mode, choosing between a participation of each battery proportional to its power margin, a participation proportional to its amount of energy to inject or to absorb or a second custom priority order.
    [0094]
    [0095] In some embodiments of the invention, the reference generation step for the active batteries (d) comprises a third sub-stage in which the power references assigned to each battery are processed. In some embodiments of the invention, the power reference assigned to each battery is multiplied by at least a coefficient that takes into account the losses in different elements of the vehicle's electrical system and which may be different for each battery. In some embodiments of the invention, the power reference assigned to each battery is processed by signal filtering, which may have different parameters for each battery. In some embodiments of the invention, the processing of the power reference assigned to each battery by means of a signal filtering is applied in specific conditions of the evolution of said power reference, without it being modified when those conditions do not exist.
    [0096]
    [0097] In the stage of sending references to the active batteries (e), the vehicle power control device sends to the auxiliary system of each battery dedicated to processing this type of information the updated reference generated for that battery in stage (d) of the power control procedure.
    [0098]
    [0099] The present description does not exclude the possibility of obtaining obvious variants of the invention. In particular, the following two are worth mentioning as they are the most immediate. On the one hand, it is possible to develop the invention with references of a magnitude other than power, such as current. On the other hand, it is immediate to replace the batteries with any source of electrical energy that can be connected to the vehicle's electrical system to obtain similar behavior, regardless of their nature. For example, in addition to batteries made up of electrochemical cells, other electrical elements that store energy such as capacitors or inductors, but also more complex systems such as a fuel cell or a generator can be considered.
    [0100]
    [0101] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0102]
    [0103] To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, it is included as part integral to said description, a set of drawings in which, by way of illustration and not limitation, the following has been represented:
    [0104] Figure 1 shows the interaction of the control device with other systems involved in the power balance of the vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
    [0105] Figure 2 shows a flow diagram of the power control procedure for electric vehicles.
    [0106]
    [0107] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0108]
    [0109] The preferred embodiment of the power control device considers a vehicle with a battery whose power exchange with the vehicle's electrical system cannot be directly controlled, as it is directly connected to said system permanently, and with the capacity to connect up to four batteries additional, for temporary use and with a connection interface that allows control of its power exchange. This results in the vehicle always having an uncontrollable battery connected directly to its electrical system, exchanging the power necessary to balance the power balance regardless of the operation of the vehicle's power control device, and with a variable number between zero and four controllable batteries.
    [0110]
    [0111] Figure 1 shows the interaction of the power control device (1) with the main vehicle systems related to its power balance. Specifically, the power control device (1) interacts with the auxiliary systems of the batteries (2), the acceleration control system (3), the charge control system (4) and the control system. temperature (5). In this embodiment, the signals sent to the auxiliary system of the uncontrollable battery (2a) are ignored by it, while the signals sent to the auxiliary systems of the controllable batteries (2b) are used by them to determine the behavior of these batteries. .
    [0112]
    [0113] The power control device (1) has input and output elements that allow its interaction with other systems, calculation and processing elements, and memory elements. The procedure performed by the power control device (1), which in this preferred embodiment is periodically executed with a update period (T) of one second, comprises the following stages:
    [0114] a) Receipt of information on power exchange and battery operation.
    [0115] b) Generation of a total power reference for the energy storage system.
    [0116] c) Selection of active batteries for power exchange.
    [0117] d) Generation of references for active batteries.
    [0118] e) Sending references to active batteries.
    [0119]
    [0120] Figure 2 shows a flow diagram of the power control procedure schematically representing the succession of these steps and the periodic execution of the procedure.
    [0121]
    [0122] The execution of the power control procedure is carried out taking into account the following information stored in the power control device (1):
    [0123] • A priority list of batteries. In this embodiment, the priority of the different batteries is marked with integers from 1 to 5, with the lower numbers indicating the higher priority.
    [0124] • A goal in selecting active batteries.
    [0125] • A tiebreaker criterion in the selection of active batteries among batteries of equal priority.
    [0126] • A reference distribution criterion between active batteries of equal priority. In this embodiment of the invention, this information is configured by a vehicle user independently for each of the vehicle's operating modes.
    [0127]
    [0128] In the stage of receiving information on power exchange and battery operation (a), the vehicle power control device (1) receives:
    [0129] • Measurements of the power exchanged by the acceleration control system (3) and by the temperature control system (5).
    [0130] • The power reference of the load control system (4). In case this system does not have a reference set, the maximum power limit of this load control system (4) is used.
    [0131] • The operating limits of each battery and instantaneous values of the measurement of power exchanged by the battery and estimates of its energy to inject and its energy to absorb.
    [0132]
    [0133] In this embodiment, the step of generating a total power reference for the energy storage system (b) comprises a first sub-step in which this total power reference is determined from information on the power exchanged by utilization and obtaining systems. energy (3), (4), (5). The sign criterion used for power is that it is positive if it is injected into the vehicle's electrical system and negative if it is absorbed from it, regardless of which system performs the power exchange. In vehicle modes I and II, the total power reference is obtained as the opposite value of the sum of the power exchanged by the acceleration control system (3) and the power exchanged by the control system temperature (5). In vehicle modes III and IV, the total power reference is obtained as the opposite value of the sum of the power reference of the load control system (4) and the power exchanged by the control system temperature (5). The sign of the total power reference determines the direction of the power exchange, if it is positive, the energy storage system must inject power into the vehicle's electrical system and, if it is negative, it must absorb it.
    [0134]
    [0135] It then includes a second sub-stage in which the determined total power reference is processed. This processing of the determined total power reference is applied differently depending on its evolution. In the event of significant reductions in its absolute value, such as a reduction to a value below 10% of the previous value, or sign changes, the total power reference does not change. Otherwise, the value obtained is processed by means of a signal filter to limit the variations that it may undergo and avoid unnecessary changes in the selection of active batteries and the references assigned to them.
    [0136]
    [0137] The step of selecting active batteries for power exchange (c) comprises a sub-stage in which a tour of the set of batteries equipped in the vehicle is carried out following the order established by the priority list of batteries and, in the event of Equal priority between batteries, by the tiebreaker criteria in the selection of active batteries between batteries of equal priority, using the configuration corresponding to the operating mode in which the vehicle is located. While the selection is not complete, each battery considered is activated if the sum of the minimum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, of the batteries already activated and the considered one is less than or equal to the absolute value of the total power reference . The selection of batteries is completed, stopping the journey, when the condition established by the objective in the selection of batteries corresponding to the operating mode in which the vehicle is found is met, which is one of the following:
    [0138] • The selection is completed once the absolute value of the total power reference is between the sum of the minimum power limits and the sum of the maximum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the reference of total power of the batteries already activated, without considering the remaining batteries.
    [0139] • The selection is completed once the absolute value of the total power reference is between the sum of the minimum power limits and the sum of the maximum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the reference of total power, of the batteries already activated and all batteries have been considered the same priority as those already activated, without considering the remaining batteries of lower priority.
    [0140] • Selection is complete once all batteries are considered.
    [0141]
    [0142] In choosing the tiebreaker criterion in the selection of active batteries among batteries of equal priority, a vehicle user chooses between giving higher priority to batteries with a higher maximum power limit in the sense of the power exchange determined by the reference of total power, give priority to the batteries with the highest amount of energy to inject or absorb, depending on the direction of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, or enter a second order of priority for the tiebreaker between batteries with the same priority.
    [0143]
    [0144] In this embodiment, step (c) comprises an additional capacity management substep of the energy storage system to satisfy the total power reference. In this sub-stage, when the absolute value of the total power reference is greater than the sum of the maximum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, of all the batteries equipped in the vehicle, the vehicle power control device (1) sends a power limitation signal to the acceleration control system (3) if it is in operating modes I or II and to the load control system (4) if it is in operating modes III or IV. This power limitation signal is a value of the power variation required by the system to which it is sent, obtained as the difference between the sum of the maximum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the reference of total power of the batteries and the absolute value of the total power reference.
    [0145]
    [0146] The reference generation step for the active batteries (d) comprises two sub-stages, taking into account a remaining power reference initially equal to the total power reference. The first sub-stage consists of assigning to each of the active batteries an initial reference equal to its minimum power limit, according to the direction of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, and updating the remaining power reference subtracting the value assigned to each of the active batteries.
    [0147]
    [0148] The second sub-stage consists of the distribution of the remaining power reference between the active batteries. This distribution is carried out by means of a route of the set of batteries equipped in the vehicle by levels of the priority list of the batteries corresponding to the operating mode in which the vehicle is located, from highest to lowest priority, while the remaining power reference is greater than zero, performing various actions for each of these priority levels. Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the path comprises the priority levels in order, from 1 to 5. In each priority level, first, the power margin of the level is calculated as the sum of the difference between the maximum and minimum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, of each of the active batteries of said priority level. When the power margin of the level is less than or equal to the absolute value of the remaining power reference, each of the active batteries in this level is assigned a reference equal to its maximum power limit, in the sense of the exchange of power determined by the total power reference, and the remaining power reference is updated by subtracting the power margin from the level. When the power margin of the level is greater than the remaining power reference, each of the active batteries of this level is assigned a certain reference taking into account counts the criteria for the distribution of references between active batteries of the same priority and the remaining power reference is updated, making it equal to zero.
    [0149]
    [0150] In this embodiment, in choosing the reference distribution criterion between active batteries of equal priority, a vehicle user chooses between a participation of each battery proportional to its power margin, a participation proportional to its amount of energy to inject or by absorb, according to the direction of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, or a second order of priority for the distribution of references between active batteries of the same priority. If the participation criterion is in force proportional to the amount of energy that can inject or absorb the battery, the power references are adjusted so that they remain within the operating limits of the respective batteries. In case the tiebreaker criteria based on a second order of priority are in force to resolve the tie, each active battery of the level is assigned the necessary reference to cover the remaining power reference or its maximum power limit, depending on the value of the remaining power reference and the references already assigned to the active batteries of the level with the highest priority for distribution.
    [0151]
    [0152] In the stage of sending references to the active batteries (e), the vehicle power control device (1) sends to the auxiliary system of each battery (2) the updated reference generated for that battery in stage (d) of the power control procedure.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    1. Power control procedure for an electric vehicle, where said electric vehicle is capable of carrying several batteries at the same time, which is periodically run with an update period and comprises the steps of:
    a) Receipt of information on power exchange and battery operation.
    b) Generation of a total power reference for the energy storage system.
    c) Selection of active batteries for power exchange.
    d) Generation of references for active batteries.
    e) Sending references to active batteries.
    And that is characterized by consulting information that includes:
    • A priority list of batteries.
    • A goal in selecting active batteries.
    • A tiebreaker criterion in the selection of active batteries among batteries of equal priority.
    • A reference distribution criterion between active batteries of equal priority.
    [2]
    2. Power control method for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, in which the step of generating a total power reference for the energy storage system (b) comprises a sub-stage in which the total power reference is determined. from the power information exchanged by the vehicle's energy utilization and obtaining systems.
    [3]
    3. Power control method for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, in which the step of generating a total power reference for the energy storage system (b) comprises a sub-stage in which the total power reference is determined. from the power information exchanged by the energy storage system.
    [4]
    4. Power control method for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, in which the step of generating a total power reference for the energy storage system (b) comprises a sub-stage in which the total power reference is determined. as a result of controlling a variable the vehicle electrical system.
    [5]
    5. Power control method for an electric vehicle according to any of claims 2 to 4, in which the step of generating a total power reference for the energy storage system (b) comprises a second sub-stage in which it is processed the determined total power reference.
    [6]
    6. Power control procedure for an electric vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, in which the step of selecting active batteries for power exchange (c) comprises a sub-stage in which a tour of the set of batteries equipped in the vehicle following the order established by the priority list of batteries and, in case of equal priority, by the tiebreaker criteria in the selection of batteries, where on said route, while the selection is not complete, each battery considered is active if the sum of the minimum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, of the batteries already activated and the considered battery is less than or equal to the absolute value of the total power reference, and where the selection is completed, stopping the tour, when a condition determined by the objective in the selection is met No active batteries.
    [7]
    7. Power control procedure for an electric vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, in which the step of selecting active batteries for power exchange (c) comprises an additional capacity management substep of the energy storage system for satisfy the total power reference in which a power limitation signal is sent to at least one of the vehicle's energy utilization and extraction systems when the absolute value of the total power reference is greater than the sum of the limits Maximum power, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, of all the batteries equipped in the vehicle.
    [8]
    8. Power control procedure for an electric vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, in which the reference generation step for the active batteries (d) takes into account a remaining power reference, initially equal to the total power reference, and understands the following sub-stages:
    • Assignment to each of the active batteries of an initial reference equal to its minimum power limit, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, and update of the remaining power reference by subtracting the value assigned to each one of the active batteries.
    • Distribution of the remaining power reference between the active batteries, which is carried out through a tour of the set of batteries equipped in the vehicle by levels of the priority list of the batteries, from highest to lowest priority, while the remaining power reference is greater than zero. In said journey, for each of these priority levels, firstly, the power margin of the level is calculated as the sum of the difference between the maximum and minimum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, of each of the active batteries of said priority level and, secondly, when said power margin of the level is less than or equal to the remaining power reference, it is assigned to each of the active batteries of this level a reference equal to its maximum power limit, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the total power reference, and the remaining power reference is updated by subtracting the power margin of the level and, if said power margin level is greater than the remaining power reference, each of the active batteries of this level is assigned a certain reference taking into account a distribution criterion d e references between active batteries of equal priority and the remaining power reference is updated making it equal to zero.
    [9]
    9. Power control method for an electric vehicle according to claim 8, in which the reference generation step for the active batteries (d) comprises a third sub-step in which the power references assigned to each battery are processed.
    [10]
    10. Power control procedure for an electric vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, in which the information consulted during its execution on the priority list of batteries is characterized by being configured by a user of the vehicle.
    [11]
    11. Power control procedure for an electric vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, in which the information consulted during its execution on the objective in the selection of active batteries is characterized by being configured by a vehicle user, admitting the following options:
    • The selection is completed once the absolute value of the total power reference is between the sum of the minimum power limits and the sum of the maximum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the reference of total power of the batteries already activated, without considering the remaining batteries.
    • The selection is completed once the absolute value of the total power reference is between the sum of the minimum power limits and the sum of the maximum power limits, in the sense of the power exchange determined by the reference of total power, of the batteries already activated and all batteries have been considered the same priority as those already activated, without considering the remaining batteries of lower priority.
    • Selection is complete once all batteries are considered.
    [12]
    12. Power control procedure for an electric vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, in which the information on the tiebreaker criterion in the selection of active batteries among batteries of equal priority is characterized by being configured by a user of the vehicle, admitting the following options:
    • Order established by the value of at least one parameter of the state of the batteries.
    • Order established by user preferences.
    • Order established by values determined by a random process.
    [13]
    13. Power control procedure for an electric vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, in which the information on the criteria for the distribution of references between active batteries of equal priority is characterized by being configured by a user of the vehicle, admitting the following options:
    • Equal participation of each of the batteries of equal priority.
    • Participation of each battery based on the value of at least one of its parameters.
    • Participation in an order established by user preferences.
    • Participation in an order established by values determined by a random process.
    [14]
    14. Power control procedure for an electric vehicle according to any of the previous claims, in which the information consulted during its execution is characterized by being configured independently for each vehicle operating mode, establishing the following four vehicle operating modes :
    I. Vehicle movement and power injection.
    II. Vehicle movement and power absorption.
    III. Grid connection and power absorption.
    IV. Network connection and power injection.
    [15]
    15. Power control device for electric vehicles comprising input and output elements for information, processing and calculation and memory, characterized by being capable of carrying out a power control procedure for electric vehicles according to any of the claims previous.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2020074759A1|2020-04-16|
    ES2754042B2|2020-08-24|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20150120109A1|2013-10-31|2015-04-30|Honda Motor Co., Ltd.|Methods and systems for charging an electric vehicle|
    US20160137147A1|2014-11-17|2016-05-19|Hyundai Autron Co., Ltd.|Battery management system and method|
    GB2550955A|2016-06-02|2017-12-06|Arrival Ltd|Electric vehicle battery management apparatus and method|
    WO2017207996A1|2016-06-02|2017-12-07|Arrival Limited|Electric vehicle battery management apparatus and method|
    EP3342627A1|2016-11-03|2018-07-04|Kentfa Advanced Technology Corp.|Method for prolonging endurance of electric vehicle and associated module|
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    ES201830978A|ES2754042B2|2018-10-09|2018-10-09|Power control device and procedure for electric vehicles|ES201830978A| ES2754042B2|2018-10-09|2018-10-09|Power control device and procedure for electric vehicles|
    PCT/ES2019/070645| WO2020074759A1|2018-10-09|2019-09-27|Device and method for controlling power for electric vehicles|
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